We generated single-nucleus multiomic data from rhesus macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) across fetal stages and performed integrated analyses to study neuronal maturation. Patch-seq was applied to acute dlPFC slices from 16 macaques, linking electrophysiological properties with gene expression profiles. Functional studies of RAPGEF4 and CHD8 revealed that their loss impairs morphological and electrophysiological maturation in macaque and human cortical neurons.

• Identification of genes and regulatory networks driving primate neuronal maturation
• Discrete electrophysiological properties have distinct maturational profiles
• RAPGEF4 promotes the maturation of resting membrane potential and sodium current